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Komoditi Rumput Laut
Chinese nation since time immemorial have been known as a rich nation with the processing of natural resources. Around the year 2700 BC, known to the Chinese nation has made the processing of seaweed. The result of processing the seaweed was used as raw vegetables and also sebahai basic ingredients of medicines.
In other parts of the world, the Romans also been known to use seaweed as the manufacture of cosmetics. And as the development era, science, and technology, the Spanish, French and English using seaweed as raw material for making glass. Similarly, the nation of Ireland, Norway and Scotland, cultivate seaweed as a source of crop fertilizer.
Seeing so much benefit and usefulness, is not wrong if seaweed as a commodity trade that has increasingly bright prospects, both to meet market demand in domestic and export needs. In optimizing the utilization of the potential of seaweed, the seaweed processing industry development is one of the alternatives that need to be realized.
In Indonesia, the development of real seaweed processing industry has long known. Around 1930, seaweeds have been known to the community in Indonesia as a food ingredient in the manufacture of gelatin. Then around 1989, developed keragenan industry in 1993 and subsequently developed into alginate industry.
So, at this time seaweed has been used in seleuruh world as raw material for industrial gelatin, keragenan, alginate, and furselaran. Products extracted seaweed that is widely used as food ingredients, additives, or auxiliary materials in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, paper, paint, and others. In addition, seaweed is also used as fertilizer and animal feed components or fish. Seaweed could be used as a commodity for Indonesia. Market is very potential. According to data from the Directorate General of Fisheries, now the Indonesian seaweed cultivation are in the top three world after the Philippines and China. As for the production of agar-agar, Indonesia ranks second after Chilie.
Data from the Department of Industry and Trade, South Sulawesi, seaweed today, including one of 10 export commodities that are excellent. Known in 2005, a total of 23 648 tonnes of seaweed are exported to many countries with export value reaching U.S. $ 4.5 million. Apart from being exported, most of the production of seaweed used to meet the demand of domestic industries. A number of countries such as China, Singapore, and several countries in Europe, to be exported from South Sulawesi seaweed. The high export demand is far exceeding the production of seaweed South. In 2005 the new South Sulawesi seaweed production reached 50,000 tons.
As an agro-based industry, real seaweed processing industry in Indonesia has good prospects, because the availability of abundant raw material resources, human resources, and technology and large market opportunities both domestically and for export. However, realizing the seaweed processing industry as an agro-based industry, not an easy job. Precedence requirements, ie, establishment of good synergy between the relevant factors, and most importantly the support and government policies in favor of seaweed farmers.
Friendly Business Environment
Seaweed is one of the biological resources found in coastal and marine areas. In English, defined as seaweed seaweed. These resources can usually be found in waters associated with the presence of coral reef ecosystems. Natural seaweed can usually live on sand and dead coral substrate.
Some coastal areas in the southern part of Java and Sumatra's west coast, seaweed commonly found living on top of steep cliffs that protect the coast from the pounding mbak. On the south coast of West Java and Banten, for example, seaweed can be found around the coast and the Darling Heulang Santolo in Garut District or in the Ujung Kulon Pandeglang. While on the west coast of Sumatra, seaweed can be found on the west coast until the coast of Lampung province of North Sumatra and Aceh.
In addition to live freely in nature, several types of seaweed are also many cultivated by some of the coastal communities of Indonesia. Examples of types of seaweed that many of them are cultivated Euchema cottonii and gracelaria sp. Some areas and islands in Indonesia which many coastal communities make the cultivation of this seaweed, which was located in coastal areas Administrative District Thousand Islands, Riau Islands Province, the island of Lombok, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua.
Worldwide, there are approximately 12 major pembahagian, contain adequate approximately 65 species of seaweed. He is usually found in the area of the bay, estuaries and coastal waters began to ebb than the middle region (superficial) to the region hinggalah depth of 50 or 60 meters. Most species found in shallow coastal areas persisiran.
Seaweeds live in all types of substrates from mud to stone. A vast expanse of sea grass amnya found on substrates such as mud and sand. Sea grass area covers the coastal waters of the tropical climate region (heat) to the temperate climate region (cool). Number of species is greater in the tropics. Only two species, Halophila ovalis and Syringodium isoetifolium, found in both two climatic regions.
Of the total 65 species of seaweed that is now found all over the world, more than 30 species can be found in Australian waters, 8 species in Philippine waters and 13 species in Malaysian waters. Komuniti seaweed kepelbagaiannya is the greatest in the northeast portion of Queensland, Australia and a significant portion of the flora in the Great Barrier Reef.
Efforts to develop seaweed farming in the future, must continue to pay attention to environmental capacity. Not just pursue economic value alone, which ended up distancing from the original purpose. In addition to helping improve the welfare of coastal communities, cultivation of seaweed is also a positive impact on coral reef conservation. As performed by farmers in the area of West Bali and South Sulawesi, seaweed cultivation was successful in reducing damage to coral reefs.
However, the reality in South Sulawesi and Bali, it was a contrast to those seen in other areas in eastern Indonesia. In Flores, Malaku, and the surrounding area, the passion local people who used to cultivate seaweed is so high now declining again. The problem is, first, farming was not supported by an integrated marketing. Every day, they are always dealing with middlemen who tend to push prices to the argument that the cost of expensive freight boat from Flores to Surabaya.
It happened because the processing industry, both semi-finished and finished only operate on the island of Java. As a result, the price of dried seaweed best quality at the level of farmers in Flores, the Moluccas and the surrounding areas is still low, at only around Rp 3,000 to Rp 3,500 per kilogram.
Second, the lack of provision of quality seed seaweed. In fact, each seed should only be used at most four times a growing season in a row. After that should be replaced with new seedlings. The move is part of efforts to maintain stability of production quality. That is, the allocation of funds for fisheries should be based on the potential of the area. More and more potential, the greater the funds allocated. Third, the absence of extension workers who specialize in seaweed. Then, fourthly, there is no spatial structure that divides the site for cultivation.
From the fourth issue, marketing becomes the most serious problem. Here the government's duty to encourage the establishment of seaweed processing industry around the production. Benefits to be learned, among other things decided chain middlemen and increase prices at the level of farmers. In fact, farmers will no longer be charged the cost of transportation. More importantly, farmers will find out in a transparent quality seaweed as what industry wants. In addition, the presence of processing industries outside Java Island is part of national development equality and justice.
Delicious Food Full Benefits
Trend healthy lifestyle with high-fiber diet more entrenched. Therefore, many people who hunt vying seaweed. For known, seaweed is rich in fiber and efficacy. Diverse though the results of seaweed can be found in the market, ranging from the dry, powdered or fresh.
Some popular products such as seaweed, Nori, is made from refined seaweed. seaweed pulp is then spread with a very thin thickness. The process then dried so that its shape resembles a sheet of paper. Nori is used in Japanese cuisine, from sushi wrappers, shrimp rolls or fried rollade. Select a supple nori, dry and shiny black color.
Kombu and Wakame seaweed that is dried kind. Kombu is a basic ingredient in Japanese cooking to make gravy. After boiling broth to broth and used to fill kombunya soup, salad or stir. Meanwhile, wakame, kombu almost resembles the shape, normally used to mix salad, or mix the contents of noodle soup. wakame do not boil more than a minute to get the maximum flavor.
Candied Seaweed Retrieved from fresh seaweed, then washed, boiled and mixed with sugar solution as preserved. Refreshing flavor and crunchy texture is too chewy, very suitable for a mixture of ice, pudding and various desserts.
Agar-agar, in the process of making this one product was through a very long stage. The first stage of the selection of seaweed species that will be used, the type gracilaria gelidium sp or sp. Slanjutnya cell wall-solving process, ripening (extraction) to the drying. Market often found gelatin in various forms, both bars and powders.
Nutrition and Benefits
Many studies have shown that seaweed is a nutritious food. Some of them, anticancer. Research Harvard School of Public Health in America reveals, premenopausal women in Japan are three times less likely to develop breast cancer than American women. This is due to the diet of Japanese women who are always adding seaweed in their menu.
Antioxidants Chlorophyll in green sea gangang can function as an antioxidant. This substance helps rid the body from free radical reactions are very harmful to the body.
Preventing Cardiovascular, Japanese scientists uncover, seaweed extract can lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. For people with stroke, consuming sea grass is also highly recommended because it can absorb excess salt in the body.
Fiber diet (dietary fiber) is very high in seaweeds. This fiber is filling and smooth the body's metabolic processes, so it is best eaten the obese. Carbohydrate is also difficult to digest so you will feel full longer without fear of obesity.
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