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Commodity Banana Fruit Exotic Asia
Speaking of bananas, maybe there will be no end. The yellow curved shape of this long since before the craze nearly everyone. It was a sweet and soft texture of the fruit which is indeed very tempting tastes. Do not you humans, monkeys just love it. So very unfortunate if there are people who do not like to eat a banana. Because actually, this fruit contains a lot of potassium so that they can lower blood pressure, maintain a healthy heart and facilitate the delivery of oxygen to otak.Bukan that alone, this fruit also contains vitamin A which is very high so as to increase resistance to respiratory infections, scaly skin and blindness. Nourish the body, helps life.
Even today in Japan, bananas are very popular because it is believed to reduce weight. If you want the body to be slim, then the citizens of this sunrise eating bananas as much as possible, especially in the morning. Because the banana is said to contain many vitamins and minerals, but low in calories. Besides also can inhibit acid accretion in the body. But it is also necessary to compensate for this weight recovery program with diet, exercise and adequate rest.
Bananas are the fruit of a herbaceous plant originating from regions in Southeast Asia (including Indonesia). This plant is then spread to Africa (Madagascar), South and Central America. The propagator of Islam then brought this fruit to West Africa, South America and Central America. Next bananas spread throughout the world, including tropical and subtropical regions. Banana-producing countries are famous of which is Brazil, the Philippines, Panama, Honduras, India, Ecuador, Thailand, Caribbean, Columbia, Mexico, Venezuela, and Hawaii. Indonesia is the banana producing countries of the world's number four.
Its existence, bananas have been known and consumed since time immemorial. Bananas in Latin is called Moses Paradisiacal. This word comes from Arabic, which is by Linneus maus included in the family Musaceae, to give awards to Antonius Musa, who was a Roman emperor's personal physician (Octaviani Augustine) who advocate for eating a banana. While in the world, bananas are generally known in English, namely banana. But in Indonesia itself, in addition to bananas, it turns out there are other names as well as their respective regions. As in West Java called Cau, while Central Java and East Java, calling it as papaya.
Banana is a fruit that can not be separated from the traditional rituals of our society. In the traditional wedding party, bananas and stalks are used to decorate the wedding aisle. Bananas are also used as offerings to the traditional rituals of ancient ancestors who are still growing in the ground water. One was a ritual feast in the village of Grajagan banana. Ritual banana party group of fishermen in the village of Grajagan, District Purwoharjo, Banyuwangi did have a unique tradition, which held a party nyekar and bananas in an ancient tomb. Friday night ritual that was held before the month of Poso legi (Ramadan) in the Javanese calendar which is considered as a sacred day in the Old Javanese philosophy. The tradition is carried fishermen declined to invoke blessings to the marine authorities and ask for blessing from their ancestral villages namely Mbah Karso Wono Samudro, Grandma Ruth and Grandma Sapi'i Rekso Samudro. Where the tombs were located on the hill overlooking the southern ocean.
Indonesia is Asia's largest banana producer which accounts for about 50 percent of Central Asia banana banana production in Indonesia is West Java (Sukabumi, Cianjur, Bogor, Purwakarta, Serang), Central Java (Demak, Pati, Banyumas, Sidorejo, Kesugihan, Kutosari, Pringsurat, Pemalang), East Java (Banyuwangi, Malang), North Sumatra (Padangsidempuan, Christmas, Samosir, Tarutung), West Sumatra (Sungyang, Baso, Pasaman), South Sumatra (Cliff High, OKI, OKU, Baturaja), Lampung ( Great Wood, Metro), Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara.
If you view the type, the banana split into three, namely bananas are eaten without cooking the fruit of M. paradisiaca var Sapientum, M. also known as M. nana cavendishii, M. sinensis. For example, green banana, milk, king, Cavendish, barangan and carp. Then there is the banana that is eaten after the fruit is cooked M. paradisiaca formatypica also called M. paradisiaca normalis. For example banana jackfruit, horns and kepok. Then there are banana seeds namely M. brachycarpa in Indonesia who used stones and banana leaves for example klutuk which sometimes also can be used as salad ingredients mashed. And the last banana fiber such as bananas taken manila (abaca).
Benefits are also very much a banana. This highly nutritious fruit that is clearly a source of vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates. Bananas used as table fruit, sale banana, mashed bananas and banana flour. Banana peel can be used to make vinegar by fermentation process of alcohol and vinegar. Banana leaves are used as a variety of food wrapping trandisional Indonesia. Abaca stem is processed into fibers for clothing, paper etc. Banana stem has been cut small and banana leaves can be used as animal feed ruminants (sheep, goats) during the dry season when the grass is not / less available. Water banana stem tuber used as a drug kepok dysentery and bleeding colon while the water is used as a banana stalk urination and pain medication antidote to traditional treatment methods.
Beware Pests and Diseases
So far, Indonesia is known as a supplier of bananas to Japan, Hongkong, China, Singapore, Arabia, Australia, the Netherlands, the United States and France. Climate Indonesia has been quite friendly to the growth of banana trees. Because the banana tree growth conditions, among others, has a wet tropical climate, humid and hot to support the growth of bananas. However, bananas are still able to grow in subtropical areas. In the condition without water, bananas are still grown because of the water supplied from the aqueous stem but its production can not be expected.
Also, be wary of the type of high winds, such as wind leaf beetles can damage and affect plant growth. While the optimum rainfall is 1520-3800 mm / year with 2 months to dry. The variation of precipitation must be balanced with the ground water level for the soil is not flooded. And the grave is also worth noting the type of pest and disease pests linings. Like the leaf caterpillar pests (Erienota thrax.) Where the attack was part of the leaf. Symptoms include leaves that roll up like a veil and torn to the bone leaves. Control by using insecticides that match does not exist, can be tried with the insecticide Malathion.
Uret beetle (Cosmopolites sordidus) who likes to attack the leaf sheath, stem. Symptoms, hallways and above / below the leaf sheath, stem full banana hallway. Sanitation control in the form of banana groves, clean the remaining clumps of banana stems, use seed that has been disinfected. In addition there are nematodes (Rotulenchus similis, Radopholus similis), which attacks the roots. Symptoms, plants seem miserable, formed cavity or tiny spot in roots, root swelling. Control by using seeds that have been disinfected, increase humus soil and land use with little clay content. Caterpillar pests of flowers and fruits (Nacoleila octasema) attacks the flowers and fruit. Symptoms, abnormal fruit growth, fruit peel mangy. The existence of at least 70 tail worm in bunches of bananas can be eradicated using insecticides.
Diseases that attack banana form, blood disease caused by Xanthomonas celebensis (bacteria). The part that is attacked inside plant tissue. Symptoms become reddish tissue such as dengue.
Control is done by dismantling and burn diseased plants. Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum fungus attacks the leaves with symptoms of leaf wilting and dropping out, first outer leaves and leaves on the inside, split lengthwise leaf midrib, the release of lymphatic vessels in black. Can be controlled with the dismantling and burn diseased plants.
Leaf spot disease is also found in bananas due to the fungus Cercospora musae. The part that is attacked leaves with brown spots symptoms are more widespread. Control by using a fungicide containing copper oxide or Porridge Bordeaux (BB). Bacillus bacterial wilt disease from attacking the roots of plants with symptoms of wilt and die. Control to dismantle and burn diseased plants. Shoot leaf diseases caused by viruses with aphids intermediary Pentalonia nigronervosa also attacked the leaf bud. Symptoms leaf shoots grow upright in groups. Control also with how to unpack and burn diseased plants.
After planting mature canopy formed. At this time weeds will be a problem. Reduction is done by the use of herbicides such as Paraquat, Gesapax 80 Wp, Roundup and dalapon, planting cover crops that can withstand erosion, shade tolerant, are not easily attacked by pests and disease, do not climb the stem of bananas. For example Geophila repens. Furthermore, it can also close the soil with polyethylene plastic.
The average banana at the age of 1 year has been fruitful. When the harvest is determined from the age of fruit and fruit shape. Typical harvest drying of the flag leaf. Fruit is old enough to be harvested 80-100 days old with right-angled pieces that are still unclear until almost unanimous. Determination of harvesting should be based on the amount of time needed to transport the fruit to the sales area so that the fruit is too ripe when reached the hands of consumers. At least bananas still can be retained for 10 days after received by consumers.
Bananas are harvested along with the clusters. Long bunches taken is 30 cm from the base of the comb at the top. Use sharp, clean knife when cutting bunches. Banana bunches are stored in the inverted position so that the sap from the cut trickle down without soiling the fruit. With this position of banana that can avoid the injuries caused by the friction of the fruit with the soil. After that cut banana stem until the stem tuber completely eliminated. If the available labor, banana trunk can be cut to a height of 1 m from ground level. Torture rod intended to spur the growth of shoots. Ample banana plantations, harvesting can be done 3-10 days once depending on setting the number of productive plants.
So far I have found no standard banana production in Indonesia, in the center of world banana production of 28 tons / ha / year is only economical for household-scale plantations. And in small plantations (10-30 ha) and large plantations (> 30 ha), an economic production should reach at least 46 tons / ha / year.
In conventional packaging pattern is covered with banana bunches of dried banana leaves to reduce evaporation and transported to the place of marketing by using the vehicle, open or closed. But for shipping abroad, banana comb released from the clusters and then sorted by size. Packaging is done by using a cardboard container. Banana comb inserted into dos with upside down in several layers. And to avoid spoilage, wound down the piece of banana comb decontaminate.
Permanent banana plantations which can easily be found in Mexico, Jamaica, Central America, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and the Philippines. In these countries, banana cultivation has been an industry-supported technical culture vibrant and modern packing station and the packaging that meets international standards. World demand, especially bananas Cavendish banana types covering 80 percent of total world demand. Export opportunities of banana banana among others intact and mashed bananas that are usually made of Cavendish bananas with sugar content from 21 to 26 percent, or from other banana with sugar content less than 21 percent. In Indonesia, only bananas grown in scale household or garden is very small. International Standard small banana plantation is 10-30 ha. This figure has not been achieved in Indonesia, although the soil and climate are very supportive. Banana plantations ought to be developed and managed a large scale well in the homeland.
Banana Flour
So far, we may only know a banana as one of the staple food rice meal replacement. As many as 230 kinds of bananas exist in our homeland. Leaves a supple, long and green was used as a tool to wrap foods to be cooked like Pepes, lemang or pastries to be steamed or as a wrapping rice in food stalls and flowers for sale. The trunk is long round decorative media used to adapt the wedding ceremony. Fiber rods are also used as fiber material for the manufacture of clothing. In addition to fruit, we also know the origin of the fruit that is heart. Our society is very fond of this banana that is sometimes enjoyed by boiling or digulai. Delicious taste and texture similar to meat this feels so special.
But today we also are familiar with a variety of delicious foods and beverages processed banana. Banana skin that used to just be a waste now even been able to eat as a snack alternative because it can be processed into banana jam. In fact, it can also become fodder. Meanwhile, to avoid spoilage, raw banana ripe should be immediately processed for example in the form of dried cassava, flour, starch, glucose syrup, tape, and chips. Ripe banana fruit can be processed into a sale, jams, lunkhead, fruit juice, wine, puree, sauce, nectar, banana fritters, banana Epe, boiled bananas, compote, getuk, ledre, banana grilled cheese, and various other cakes.
Today is also well known banana flour as an alternative to wheat flour. Banana flour is made from bananas that are still raw, but that is quite old. Banana flour are used as mixture in the manufacture of bread, cake, pastry, mix flour, and mix baby food. Basically all kind of raw bananas can be processed into flour, but flour color was varied, because it is influenced by the level of fruit maturity, fruit types and processing methods. Kepok bananas flour has the best color, ie white. Hence the selection of banana kepok manurun banana varieties that are very precise in South Kalimantan in the manufacture of banana flour.
Banana flour processing technology introduced is the use of dryer plastic rack that is more efficient in the drying process, so it is very effective to lower the moisture content of banana flour is produced. It also introduced technology of immersion sliced bananas in a solution of citric acid before drying can prevent browning reaction in cut fruit, so it can fix the color of banana flour is produced.
In the manufacturing process, bananas steamed for 10 minutes, peeled, soaked in a solution of citric acid 0.5 percent, trimmed with a special tool to approximately 0.2 mm thick, soaked in a solution of 0.5 per cent citric acid for 30 minutes, drained, dried using a shelf dryer, then milled and then sifted to become flour. Processed products derived from a wide range of banana flour, one weaning food. A high intake of nutrients that can diberian for your toddler from this flour. Furthermore, there are also pastries, noodles, and much more.
But do not think of making banana flour from the fruit only, it now also developed the process of making banana flour using a skin. The product was not less good, even in terms of production costs obviously very cheap. This is evidenced by the work of three students of biology Institute of Technology (ITS) Surabaya force in 2007 after making a series of studies have found results that are also worthy of a banana peel flour-making materials.
One of the researchers, Sulfahri explained if the banana peel contains vitamin C, B, calcium, protein and fat also .. In the beginning they made confectionary chips from banana skin, but eventually the idea of making banana flour comes to mind them. In fact they've managed to make cake flour banana peels from their works that use it include banana skins of plantains, plantain because the skin is thicker than other types of bananas.
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